The high flexibility is already very known for Krah-Pipes, and a basic reference for the bending is given by R=50 x DN/ID for long term and even R=25 x DN/ID for short term.

So technically these two cases have to be diveded, in long and short term examination. The long term is to reduce fittings (bends) and the shirt term aspect is during the installation e.G. using the S-sinking method in water applicaitons, relining. What is a easy way to make a detailed calculation, to be sure that the pipe will not fail. How to calculate the minimum bending radius for a Krah-Pipe with profiled wall structure, in helical style?

For designing a pressure pipeline all pressure load phases must be considered and in reference to the loading time be evaluated. Besides the test-pressure, the maximum operation pressure (MOP) and also the water hammer effect have to be considered and implemented in the static design! This procedure is valid for all pressure pipe materials and systems, but flexible pipe materials provide some advantages.

What is a water hammer? 
A water hammer is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly. A water hammer commonly occurs when a valve closes suddenly at the end of a pipeline system, and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe. This pressure wave can cause major problems, from noise and vibration to pipe collapse. But it is possible to reduce the effects of the water hammer pulses with bypasses, expansion tanks, surge tanks, blowoff valves and other features. Rough calculations can be made e.g. by using the Zhukovsky equation, also known as Joukowsky equation.

A new section of our newsletter will from now on be the “Frequently asked questions”, shortly FAQ. In every issue we will answer some of the most asked questions we get from potential customers and interested parties about the Krah Technology.
Also feel free to send us some new ideas for our FAQ in he form below. We will try to publish as many as we can.

Big & Beautiful calendar for 2018

Following the tradition of the past years we will publish a new calender by the end of 2017.
The pictures will be taken in October this year, with new models and pipe applications. If you know
someone who would look good between large pipes please let us know and he/she will eventually feature this year’s issue for 2018!

Postal subscription to ImProfil
From now on you will be able to submit to a postal subscription for the “ImProfil” - Newsletter on the www.krah.net homepage - just click here.
Should you also have any matters you would like us reporting about or have any suggestions for our newsletter we would be happy about a short feedback from you - just send us a quick mail via our contact form or under Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist vor Spambots geschützt! Zur Anzeige muss JavaScript eingeschaltet sein! and we will implement your suggestion in the next issue. We will publish a third edition of ImProfil in December 2017.